December 4, 2018 We are happy to inform you that Keepit 1.14.3. Has been released. These notes describe the new features, improvements, and fixed issues that can be found in this version. The main features of this version are the new way to enable SSO, a clearer way to browse data that is still being indexed by the search engine, and a more understandable interface for configuring a connector.
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Even if you are not an Oracle DBA, you'll still encounter a situation where you may have to take a backup of an Oracle database.
Using Oracle RMAN, you can take a hot backup for your database, which will take a consistent backup even when your DB is up and running.
This tutorial gives you an introduction on how to perform Oracle DB backup using RMAN.
For the impatient, here is the quick snippet, that takes RMAN backup of both database and archive logs.
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1. View Current RMAN Configuration
Before we take the backup, we have to configure certain RMAN parameters. For example, how long you want to reatain the RMAN backup, etc.
Before we modify any configuration, execute the following command to view all current RMAN configuration settings.
To connect to RMAN, do the following from command line. This will take you to RMAN> command prompt, from here you can execute all RMAN commands.
To view current RMAN configurations, execute 'show all'.
As you see above, it displays various RMAN parameters and their current values.
2. Change Few RMAN Configuration Parameters
Location: One of the important configuration parameters to set will be, where you want to save the RMAN backup. In the following example, I'm settting the RMAN backup loacation as '/backup/rman/'
Retention Period: Next, you should specify how long you want to retain the backup for. When RMAN takes a backup, it automatically deletes all the old backups that are older than the retention period. In the following example, I'm setting the retention period as 7 days, which will keep the DB backup for a week.
Verify that the above two changes are done.
Clear a Parameter: If you want to clear a parameter and set its value to default, use CLEAR at the end of the configuration as shown below.
In this example, since we cleared the retention policy's value, it was set to the default value, which is 1. So, the retention policy is set to 1 day as shown below.
3. Backup Oracle Database
Make sure the directory mentioned in the CHANNEK DEVICE TYPE DISK FORMAT is created. i.e /backup/rman/
Currently this directory is empty. We'll see what this has after the backup is taken.
We can take a backup using image copy or in backup set. It is strongly recommended to use RMAN backup sets to backup the database.
RMAN stores the backup in backup sets, which are nothing but whole bunch of files which contains the backed-up data. Only RMAN understands the format of these files. So, if you backup an Oracle DB using RMAN, only RMAN knows how to read the backup and restore it.
Typically we'll use 'BACKUP AS BACKUPSET' to backup a database. So, to take a full backup of the database without the archive logs, do the following.
To take a full backup of the database with the archive logs, do the following:
You can also take a backup of only a specific table space. The following example takes backup of only PRD01 tablespace.
Before we modify any configuration, execute the following command to view all current RMAN configuration settings.
To connect to RMAN, do the following from command line. This will take you to RMAN> command prompt, from here you can execute all RMAN commands.
To view current RMAN configurations, execute 'show all'.
As you see above, it displays various RMAN parameters and their current values.
2. Change Few RMAN Configuration Parameters
Location: One of the important configuration parameters to set will be, where you want to save the RMAN backup. In the following example, I'm settting the RMAN backup loacation as '/backup/rman/'
Retention Period: Next, you should specify how long you want to retain the backup for. When RMAN takes a backup, it automatically deletes all the old backups that are older than the retention period. In the following example, I'm setting the retention period as 7 days, which will keep the DB backup for a week.
Verify that the above two changes are done.
Clear a Parameter: If you want to clear a parameter and set its value to default, use CLEAR at the end of the configuration as shown below.
In this example, since we cleared the retention policy's value, it was set to the default value, which is 1. So, the retention policy is set to 1 day as shown below.
3. Backup Oracle Database
Make sure the directory mentioned in the CHANNEK DEVICE TYPE DISK FORMAT is created. i.e /backup/rman/
Currently this directory is empty. We'll see what this has after the backup is taken.
We can take a backup using image copy or in backup set. It is strongly recommended to use RMAN backup sets to backup the database.
RMAN stores the backup in backup sets, which are nothing but whole bunch of files which contains the backed-up data. Only RMAN understands the format of these files. So, if you backup an Oracle DB using RMAN, only RMAN knows how to read the backup and restore it.
Typically we'll use 'BACKUP AS BACKUPSET' to backup a database. So, to take a full backup of the database without the archive logs, do the following.
To take a full backup of the database with the archive logs, do the following:
You can also take a backup of only a specific table space. The following example takes backup of only PRD01 tablespace.
The RMAN backup output will be something similar to the following:
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Once the backup is completed, do an ls on the /backup/rman directory, you'll now see RMAN backup files.
Note: Once a backup is taken, to view all available database backups from RMAN, you need to use 'list' command that is shown further down in one of the examples.
While this may be obvious, it is worth repeating again: Since we are taking hotbackup, the Oracle database can be up and running. Make sure your Oracle database is running before you execute any of the above RMAN backup commands.
4. Assign Backup TAG Name for Quick Identification
If you are taking lot of backups, it will be easier to assign a tag to a particular backup, which we'll later use during Oracle recovery (or while using list command to view it).
The following example assign a backup tag called 'WEEEKLY_PRD01_TBLS_BK_ONLY' to this particular backup.
Once the backup is finished, if you view the files from rman directory, you'll not see the tag name here. Recovery files. Tag name is used only from RMAN repositories to view and restore backups. So, now you see there are more files in this directory, as we've taken couple of backups.
5. Change Oracle RMAN Backup File Name Format
If you want the backup files itself will be in a specific format, you need to change the format in the RMAN configuration as shown below. In this example, we've appended the tag 'full_devdb_bk_' prefix to all our backup files.
Now, let us take another backup with this modified configuration.
Now when you view the RMAN files, you'll see the new RMAN backup file has this new file name format for the files. This is easier to identify certain information about the backup just by looking at the file names.
6. Compress a RMAN Backup
If you are taking a backup of a big database, you'll notice that the RMAN backup files are bigger (almost same size as the database itself).
So, for most situation, you should always tak ea compressed backup of the database.
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The following example take a compressed backup of the tablepsace PRD01.
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When you view the backup files from the file system level, you will not see any .gz (or .zip, or .bz2) to indicate that the RMAN has taken a compressed backup. The file naming convention will still follow the same as a non-compressed backup.
Note: The way to tell whether RMAN has take a compressed backup or not, it by looking at the size, and by looking at the output of the RMAN 'list' command which is shown in one of the section below.
7. View all RMAN Backups
To view all the RMAN backups, execute 'list backup summary' as shown below.
As you see above, it displays various information about the backups. In the above output, it show 7 RMAN backups. The last column shows the 'Tag' that we specified when we took a backup. If we didn't specify any TAG, RMAN creates a default tag with the prefix 'TAG' followed by some numbers. You can also see that under the column 'Compressed', the last RMAN backup shows 'YES', which indicates that out of all the 7 RMAN backups, only the last one was compressed.
Also, when the RMAN backup is running, if you want to see the proress, you can query the V$RMAN_STATUS table from sql*plus as shown below.
There you have it!. That is how you take an Oracle RMAN backup and sleep peacefully.
